A problem occurs after installing .NET Framework 3.5.
The Solution:
https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/Downloads/DownloadDetails.aspx?DownloadID=16827&wa=wsignin1.0
Sources:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/334706/fatal-execution-engine-error-79ffee24-80131506/1342522#1342522
http://www.microsoft.com/communities/newsgroups/en-us/default.aspx?dg=microsoft.public.dotnet.framework.clr&tid=f84d09ec-7d84-4d82-817f-6f6e5fa18bdb&cat=&lang=&cr=&sloc=&p=1
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/vssetup/thread/21e1b2b2-21d1-40f1-9aa7-bcb3f0ba6b8d
http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/vssetup/thread/0376db8f-4761-4ae5-9af2-98c53216318a#VS_IDE_unexpected_problems
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/916900